Lighting, plug loads, and appliances make up a significant electrical load in residential and commercial buildings. Equipment and devices under this TPM include high-power demand appliances, such as electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and induction cooktops, and low-power demand but high quantity equipment like lighting luminaires and office consumer electronics.
While technologies that increase the energy efficiency of every single device are still the primary interest, CalNEXT also puts significant emphasis on technologies that optimize energy use and create higher demand flexibility through controls and integrations. Some of the technologies within this TPM are also meant to replace existing fossil fuel appliances and are promising to play a key role in California’s quest for decarbonization.
The Research Initiatives tables below describe the most important topic areas these technology research areas should be focused on, and the simplified icons indicate where the topic areas stand along the path of progression to technology transfer. The tables are meant to encourage research projects to fill the current gaps and advance the topic areas on the technology transfer path of progression.
High Needs | Medium Needs | Low Needs | Future Needs |
CalNEXT expects to take on most or all of the work and cost burden.
CalNEXT has highlighted this technology family as having high impacts within the Technology Category.
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is defined as the conductors, connectors, related equipment, and control software that deliver energy to an electric vehicle (EV). Electrified transportation is expected to be the major driver of load growth within California, and EVSE is a key enabling technology to unlock decarbonization of this sector. The California Energy Commission’s (CEC) latest Integrated Energy Policy Report projects that by 2030, electrical consumption from transportation will make up more than 20 terawatt hours (TWh), or 6.7% of all electrical consumption. This technology family has strong overlaps with the electrical infrastructure technology family within the Whole Buildings TPM.
Note: A number of mobile battery charging applications exist outside of traditional passenger vehicles and are covered in separate technology families within this TPM. These include applications such as e-bikes, motorized wheelchairs, forklifts, and golf carts.
Research Initiatives | Performance Validation Needs | Market Analysis Needs | Measure Development Needs | Program Development Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|
EVSE load management for panel loads | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Panel upsizing alternatives | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Level 2 EVSE load management for multifamily installations | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
DC coupled bi-directional EVSE for residential | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Given the rapid deployment in progress, it is crucial for state energy goals to ensure that EVSE is functioning with energy efficiency, load management, and demand flexibility in mind. To that end, some highlighted opportunities are as follows:
While EVSEs are relatively new, their technical performance is well understood, especially for Level 1 and Level 2 equipment. Market understanding is growing, although as EVs reach mass market end-users, there is a need for both broad and specialized consumer education to help end-users navigate the following barriers:
CalNEXT expects to take on most or all of the work and cost burden.
CalNEXT has highlighted this technology family as having high impacts within the Technology Category.
This technology family focuses on the replacement of gas appliances used in housekeeping tasks, known as white goods, with high-efficiency electric ones. Products include cooking ranges, cooktops, ovens, clothes dryers, and combination washer-dryers.
Note: This technology family has strong overlaps with the electrical infrastructure technology family within the Whole Buildings TPM.
Research Initiatives | Performance Validation Needs | Market Analysis Needs | Measure Development Needs | Program Development Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|
120V induction stoves | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
120V combination washer / HP dryer | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Commercial HP dryers in multifamily | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Artificial-intelligence-supported electric appliances (laundry products and induction stoves) | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Residential HP / hybrid (HP + resistance heat) dryers | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
In California, most households use gas-powered white goods for cooking and clothes drying, creating a huge opportunity for electrification.
CalNEXT expects to take on most or all of the work and cost burden.
CalNEXT has highlighted this technology family as having high impacts within the Technology Category.
This technology family encompasses products, design strategies, and components that improve the efficiency, adaptability, and resiliency of exterior lighting in commercial and public sectors while also considering best practices for the nighttime lighting environment, including human health, visual comfort, public safety, and environmental impacts. This category has the opportunity to produce a large change both visually and in terms of energy consumption if changes are made in design approach and technology deployment.
Research Initiatives | Performance Validation Needs | Market Analysis Needs | Measure Development Needs | Program Development Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|
DERs-integrated (hybrid solar outdoor lighting and controls) | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Adaptive outdoor lighting design standards | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
There are significant energy savings and demand flexibility benefits if the exterior lighting stock is transformed by this technology family. Streetlights managed by the public sector stakeholders and area lighting managed by commercial sector stakeholders are the primary focus. The key opportunities are described below.
CalNEXT expects to take on most or all of the work and cost burden.
CalNEXT has highlighted this technology family as having moderate overall impacts within the Technology Category.
This category includes both FDA-regulated and non-regulated energy consuming medical equipment in two key categories:
Labs and hospitals are one of the highest energy consuming sectors due to their energy-intensive activities and stringent health and safety requirements. A 2015 market assessment conducted by the California IOUs estimated that just 12 types of lab and hospital equipment were likely responsible for between 0.8 and 3.2 TWh per year. Despite this large opportunity, only lab grade freezers, refrigerators, and ultra-low temperatures had significant development—all three now have ENERGY STAR® specifications.
Residential and assisted living facilities are a growing market for medical devices in the United States. The US Center for Disease Control estimates that there are 61 million adults with disabilities in the country, and 13.7 percent with a disability that impacts walking and climbing stairs. In addition, a 2021 study by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab estimates there are 2.74 million oxygen concentrators and 2.2 million continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilators.
Research Initiatives | Performance Validation Needs | Market Analysis Needs | Measure Development Needs | Program Development Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Energy consumption and load profiles | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Power management strategies | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Standard development | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Hospital/Lab: In 2023, the EPA began working more within this sector as ENERGY STAR looks to develop product specifications for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The key opportunity areas include:
Residential/Assisted Living: The key opportunities in this area include:
According to the Medical Device Market Characterization Study, there are also opportunities to build demand flexibility into device energy efficiency standards, such as reducing standby loads in magnetic resonance imaging equipment as part of the proposed Energy Star standard, or in standardizing the variance of power demand across residential medical devices of the same type.
As noted in the Medical Device Market Characterization Study, a general acceptance that medical safety and effectiveness are primary objectives for regulation or standards means that additional objectives such as energy performance or efficiency will necessarily be deprioritized.
Additionally, the potential variety or uniqueness of product functions and limited approved models for certain product categories also pose challenges for establishing energy performance standards or data collection/test procedures.
Hospital/Lab: With the few exceptions mentioned above, there is limited technical understanding about many of the types of more energy-intensive equipment of interest, including:
Residential/Assisted Living: Information about medical equipment for residential and assisted living sectors is not well understood, and there are no efficiency programs currently in place for this market. The key barriers include:
CalNEXT is interested in collaborating on or co-funding these projects.
CalNEXT has highlighted this technology family as having high impacts within the Technology Category.
This cross-cutting technology family included components, platforms, control algorithms, advanced diagnostics and analytics, and foundational communications protocols with the ability to communicate, coordinate, and reduce energy use of electric loads in a residential or commercial building. Devices and systems within this technology family are expected to enable lighting and plug load appliances to operate at lower power modes based on either automated control or behavior modifying features.
This family can include control of additional building systems and appliances, enhancing occupant comfort and wellness, or providing environmental data to building systems in other technology families, including Envelopes, Integrated Systems, and Scalable HVAC Controls.
Research Initiatives | Performance Validation Needs | Market Analysis Needs | Measure Development Needs | Program Development Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Integrated lighting, plug load, and other end-use control solutions for small and medium buildings | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Coordinated load management of lighting and plug loads | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Compatibility and scalability of control and communication protocols for lighting and plug loads | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Emerging technologies within this technology family have the potential to yield significant energy savings, demand flexibility, and broad decarbonization benefits by managing lighting, plug loads, and other end-use operations to communicate across devices and minimize consumption when not in use. Specific opportunities include:
Significant barriers must be overcome to actualize and scale this technology family to the broader market. Key barriers include:
CalNEXT is interested in collaborating on or co-funding these projects.
CalNEXT has highlighted this technology family as having moderate overall impacts within the Technology Category.
The Residential and Commercial Electronics and Electrical Appliances technology family is defined as electrically powered appliances and electronics found within commercial and residential environments, including devices that can be operated untethered via battery. Example products include clothes washers, refrigerators, dishwashers, air purifiers, televisions, and computer monitors.
Note: Products that commonly use gas such as clothes dryers, ovens, cooktops, and ranges are covered in the Decarbonized Household Appliances technology family in this TPM to focus on the unique challenges for decarbonization.
Note: This technology family excludes medical mobility devices which are covered under the Medical Equipment technology family within this TPM.
Research Initiatives | Performance Validation Needs | Market Analysis Needs | Measure Development Needs | Program Development Needs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inactive/low power modes | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
User behavior/ interaction | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Battery integration potential and viability | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Update EE test procedures to reflect real-world conditions | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
A number of products in this category are generally technologically mature, and energy efficiency for many of these products has been addressed by appliance standards, voluntary certification programs, and industry voluntary agreements, many implemented at a national level. But there are still other opportunities to consider, including:
Outside of products with existing standards, research to develop test procedures or demonstrate novel technologies in support of the deployment of new standards remains an opportunity for energy savings impacts.
Please refer to the Emerging Technologies Coordinating Council for a complete list of active and completed projects to ensure your project is not duplicative.
Cookie | Duration | Description |
---|---|---|
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional | 11 months | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". |
viewed_cookie_policy | 11 months | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |